SEM-EDX analysis of heavy metals in anal papillae of <i>Hydropsyche angustipennis</i> larvae (Trichoptera, Insecta) as a support for water quality assessment

Anal papillae of caddisflies are peripheral organs responsible for osmoregulation and detoxification. Investigation morphological abnormalities in the anal Hydropsyche angustipennis enriched with using SEM-EDX analysis (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis), was used to assess heavy metal pollution levels urban streams receiving surface runoff. Heavy ions not previously detected water tissue samples by commonly methods (e.g., AAS) were method. Analysis revealed presence 11 elements (Fe>Mo>Mn≥Al>Cu>Pb≥Ni>Co≥As≥Ti≥V). Morphological irregularities most frequently observed larvae from contaminated streams. Most individuals collected flowing through city center included sewage system had (~70%), contrary reference site (~10%). In pale, normal-shaped quantity metals almost 10 times lower compared darkened papillae. The present study confirms that microscopy is an effective method as a support standard bioassays, especially if there necessity detect trace very small amounts tested material.